Southeast Asia’s rich biodiversity is under threat, as illegal and unsustainable trade levels are on the rise. Already, more than 160 species of terrestrial vertebrates in the region have been assessed as Critically Endangered by the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. TRAFFIC is focusing on Asian songbirds, freshwater turtles and tortoises, as well as the rhino horn and ivory markets, to improve research, and survey trends to better advocate for law enforcement and regulatory measures. Songbirds continue to be threatened by the still-persistent cultural tradition across Asia of keeping songbirds at home and using birds in competitions. TRAFFIC has been documenting the trade in freshwater turtles and tortoises for decades as threats increase. Separately, there has been no comprehensive study on the market in the Philippines, which has a significant domestic ivory market, for religious items.